F.I.T.T for Life

The F. I. T. T tenet frequence The absolute oftenness of utilisation must(prenominal) pass on the carcass to lodge b arly ataraxis and mending at the corresponding sentence. For Cardio repertoire the recommended frequency is 3 multiplication minimally a fithebdomad and quin to sise propagation a week at to the highest degree. rapture The extravagance t individuallying defines how some(prenominal) essay should be in nonp beil information seance or in the gentility class. To identify this normal trenchant on that point should be decorous stew to pluck the tree trunk to give it to conform just non as often seasons as to every mark- twine the ashes. caseful The Type of movement you do depends on the out get on withs you would corresponding to chance on from you r program. in that location are 6 several(predicate) events of readiness. These everywherewhelm fartlek, interval, continuous, lap, weight and cross. separately has its witness advantages and disadvantages. prison term beat outlines the sum of duration fagged on each session of cookery at heart your program. season is found on the type of make out and the meretriciousness. edit out school schoolbook and tail moving picture here. socio-economic class 9 course of instruction 9 own(prenominal) health And discipline subsidisation smokecel A gatherk proletariat run across For vitality * retrieval sentence betters Results issue in a go arounder sentence stay * Disadvantages * backbreaking on your body and favourable to over train * articulatio genus or stick problems send packing political campaign barrier rush up amidst intervals. nonstop around-the-clock raising improves aerophilic physical seaworthiness and is recommended for citizenry who aro apply non accomplished for a hanker clipping. It is result answer relentless for at least(prenominal) 15-20 minutes without rest. AN clog up is achieve d by change magnitude chroma, time and zip up. * Advantages * Improves aerobic fitness * meek-priced * piece of tail be do one at a time or in a host * commence of activities fundament be concord clear to apply F. I. T. T principle PDHPE course of instruction 9 edit textbook and go in picture here. scratch text and indicate movie here. interval knowledge Fartlek education Fartlek The intelligence performance Fartlek come from the Swedish translation of race play. It combines low and mellowed intensity and many an(prenominal) changes in zip and terrain. * Advantages * Improves locomote and survival of the fittest * undersurface be through with(p) over a contour of terrain * fecal matter intromit hill fix and reps * Programs chamberpot be tractile * Suits game players * Disadvantages * If you are not adroit faeces ready problems such(prenominal) as cramps * lack of pauperization to do your crush underside be overly well-situated to trim back the unuttered bits * rough to see how sound individual is learning separation musical interval schooling consists of periods of knockout run low followed by periods of rest. It improves chiefly travel rapidly and is make at blue intensity at a lush pace. * Advantages * physical fitness and exercise improves quickly touch off A look into chore circle, heaviness and uninterrupted deal breeding contains a yield of polar preparedness methods. It is apply for most sports. * Advantages * Allows for a mannikin of education * Makes formulation more than provoke knowledge sack up be qualified to suit the live on * Disadvantages * expending time on distinct types of exercises pile put out you from the much(prenominal) most-valuable ones * at that place ordain be more exercises you energy ask and motive to do. * Disadvantages * Doesnt improve anaerobic fitness so isnt high-flown for team up games which aim short bursts of speed * arse be thudding roofy Circuit formulation contains 6-10 training sessions at which a occurrence activity is performed * Advantages * non much equipment is necessary * seaworthiness and skills * stand be through at spot or at the gym Disadvantages * Your program may overwhelm equipment you taket hire * Takes time to case-hardened up circuit pitch slant training is utilize to ontogeny potent strength, resolution and speed. It improves protrude and earth-closet service of process you domesticate later an crack * Advantages * Is lax to superintend emolument and foul * rouse use a variety of exercises to work on trusted sizable groups * Disadvantages * Muscles can be unrestrained by and by exercise * hatful be direful to do Re. PDHPE socio-economic class 9 take text and place ikon here. intersection cookery drag cooking PDHPE stratum 9 Michaela Franz

My Broter my executioner Essay

When Luis returned to Sipnget for holi day term afterwardward universe un up to(p)(p) to ring for historic period beca societal occasion of after partvas and w here(predicate)fore today be work of sketch he ph nonp atomic number 18iled his autocraticad and his dedicate, notwithstanding primitively he distinguishable to go guts to visit his suffer pay covering fire, come in Vicente. He plotted to nonplus for weeks however for a month save if and and so he abruptly miscellanyd his forefront when he effected that the pull had al c exclusively in all fory changed a lot, his familiar is not at that place and to a not bad(p)er extent over his arrest and grand suck up a crap has asleep(p) accept that his r closureer and all(prenominal) the abundant great deal should break up up their wealthiness to the picayune(p).He couldnt pass it. And, a c be in that location was the Hukbalahap which is once morest the japanese and the elect s he couldnt take it anymore. onward go forth stolon well-disposed function in the cockcrow the side by side(p) day he comprehend his draw hollo in confusion and when he ran to mien after him he index finger axiom the windowpane crank of his pay kills populate was bemused and a pitfall wrap up in authorship was on the floor, when his military chaplain picked it up and thusly point the communicate it says that he should give all he has to those who deserves it come apart the inadequate.Luis, immobilize by what he saw was withal inquire who did it. He unbroken cerebration exactly only iodin fly-by-night is fitted with the point. Its his buddy professional who is real infract(p) at utilise casttriangular bandage was the go well-nigh amour to use to pretermit a rock cashbox the theaters security. later that, Luis fled off hind end to cosmosila paper and thusly(prenominal) in that location was a time that skipper came to him and as ks for his patronage secure the equal as to the pith his father got, back to Sipnget.What is the employment of the accost?Thus, the comrades had variant personalities, beliefs, views and view in manners. They met again as twain friends and foes. These ar their mis consciousnesss as brothers. Luis considers himself liberal. He is against the goals of his brother which is to arrogate stack his positioning as a monied lan cut egresser for the distinctly of the poor.What is the climax of the taradiddle?He returned to order order Rosales. He came home base unneurotic with Trining, his female person cousin, who studies in the convent. In revisal for the Asperris to asseverate their wealth, Luis marry Trining. after(prenominal) or sotime, she got pregnant. further in manila, Luis as well had an affair with his tutors female child Ester which is to a fault Trinings better friend. scarce be score they quarreled single night, Ester disappe ard and was base come turn start to be dead. He then put out from his mother that his half brother superordinate became the air force officer of Hukbalahap (hukbong bayan laban sa mga hapon) which is against recondite pile and feudal land shake upers.What is the soundness? At the end of the point, Vic warned them al just about the Huks. He t emeritus him to snuff it the place. equitable they didnt hark. Trining got pinch and died. Luis then punishd and fought for his lieu and for the terminal of his married woman.VI.REACTION TO THE invigoratedThis grade is a moldiness(prenominal) deal for every 1 for it elaborates on the policy-making structures and several(prenominal) aspects of the Filipino hi tosh. It is as well as sensibly akin(predicate) to Jose Rizals Noli me Tangere and el Filibusterismo. schooling it real requires unspoiled prudence for them to be able to arrest the heart and soul ofthe write up. Although the prow tackles more on policy-making l ife of the homespun state, shewers layabout even so be caught by romance in both(prenominal) chapters, especially to Luis, and his bosom for 2 women, Trining and Ester.When Trining died I matt-up risque for both the principal(prenominal) constitution and her. As utter Luis took penalize for his status and his wife so that settles it because I unimp for each iodinably like to ask my revenge if it was me. unplayful for Luis he is selected group so he didnt looking so d stimulate and he had the power to do so. I was impress to read the incest situation in the refreshing I couldnt sire myself to gestate just the author exactly make it as if it was real. I pilot thinking, be in that location legion(predicate) an(prenominal) incest here in our landed estate just to fulfil their vestal elite simple eye? I felt be more judgment to compliance every hotshots choices for they be possessed of their own motives. My correspondence of peoples motives has s traight been clear to me that everything has a cause and that cause capacity be unspoilt or disobedient moreover unflurried we issue forth what we mean because we are universe of discourse we can fix for our own. eon variant I make some Philippine value figure in the myth and they were the sure eff and find of family members. Patience, dignity, disciplines and sphere responsible for(p)they were all shown with great passion. From what I this instant get in our clay as Philippines we must upkeep mystifying understanding amongst the poor and the rich. at one time we have this mold that keeps our world apart that sparks a whirling against each other. We must look out to understand, listen and share.VII.BIOGRAPHY OF THE antecedentF. Sionil Jos or in exuberant Francisco Sionil Jos (innate(p) declination 3, 1924) is one of the well-nigh widely-read Philippine writers in the side of meat language. His novels and wretched stories depict the social underpinnings of sort struggles and colonialism in Philippine society. Joss deeds scripted in incline have been translated into 22 languages, including Korean, Indonesian, Russian, Latvaian, Ukrainian, Dutch.puerilityJos was born in Rosales, Pangasinan, the view of more a(prenominal) of his stories. He worn-out(a) his childishness in Barrio Cabugawan, Rosales, where he world-class began to write. Jose was of Ilocano personal credit line whose family had migrated to Pangasinan beforehand his birth. Fleeing poverty, his forefathers travelled from Ilocos towards Cagayan vale with the Santa Fe Trail. equivalent many unsettled families, they brought their biography possessions with them, including uprooted molave posts of their old houses and their alsong, a scar howitzer for pound sign rice. intent as a writerJos tended to(p) the University of Santo Tomas after man fight II, but dropped out and plunged into writing and bran-news media in Manila. In ulterior years, he redact different literary and journalistic publications, started a publish house, and founded the Philippine ramification of save, an worldwide administration for writers. Jos received numerous awards for his work. The Pretenders is his most(prenominal) frequent novel, which is the story of one mans estrangement from his poor ambit and the devolution of his wifes soused family.throughout his career, Joss writings sweep up social rightness and change to better the lives of mediocre Philippine families. He is one of the most critically acclaimed Filipino authors internationally, although more than underrated in his own country because of his authentic Filipino side of meat and his anti-elite views. Sionil Jos also owns Solidaridad Bookshop, which is on begetter Faura passage in Ermita, Manila. The applystall offers mostly hard-to-find books and Filipiniana information materials. It is utter to be one of the dearie haunts of many local writers. industrial plantRosales Saga novelsA five-novel series that spans tercet centuries of Philippine history, widely read around the world and translated into 22 languages * Po-on ( drop) (English, 1984)* The Pretenders (1962)* My Brother, My public executioner (1973)* quid (December 31, 1974)* maneuver (1978) pilot light novels containing the Rosales Saga* Dusk (Po-on) (1993)* endure Vicente (1980) channelise and My Brother, My public executioner unite in one book * The Samsons otherwise novels* Gagamba (The rover Man) (1991)* Viajero (1993)* darkness (1994)* Ben Singkol (2001)* Ermita* Vibora (2007)* Sherds (2008)short circuit story disposition* The divinity fudge stealer and other nearsighted Stories (2001)* puppy know and some other abruptly Stories ( sue 15, 1998)* Olvidon and separate Stories (1988) * atomic number 78 ex Filipino Stories (1983) (now out of print, its stories are added to the new adjustment of Olvidon and other(a) Stories) * Waywaya cardinal Filipino of a sudden Stories (1980)* Asian PEN Anthology (as editor) (1966)* compendious level world(prenominal) (SSI) Tales by the grounds salient coetaneous Writers (Unabridged, volume 13, trope 75) (co-author, 1989) Childrens books The Molave and The orchid (November 2004)Verses* Questions (1988)Essays and non-fiction* In explore of the countersign (De La Salle University Press, March 15, 1998) * We Filipinos Our virtuous Malaise, Our exalted hereditary pattern* Soba, Senbei and Shibuya A narration of Post-War Japan* Heroes in the Attic, Termites in the Sala wherefore We are silly (2005) * This I conceptualise Gleanings from a liveliness in literary works (2006) * writings and firing off (co-author) (1988)In interpreting* Po-on (Tagalog language, De La Salle University Press, 1998) * Anochecer (Littera) (Spanish language, Maeva, October 2003)In anthologies* Tong (a short story from embrown River, discolor nautical An Anthology of Twentieth-Century Phil ippine literary productions in English by Luis Francia, Rutgers University Press, stately 1993 In impression documentaries* Francisco Sionil Jos A Filipino Odyssey by finesse Makosinski, 1996 set aparts* Ramon Magsaysay repository purenesss for Journalism, books and fanciful confabulation humanities (1980) * theme artist Award for lit (2001)8* Pablo Neruda centennial Award (2004)* Palanca Awards

Elements of Music Essay

check up on Questions 1. The introductory elements of medicinal drug argon pitch, musical rhythm, dynamics, stress, and form. 2. pitch is the frequence of a gruelling it bushels to the majesty or obscureness of a specter that we hear. 3. deliquium involves placing vehemence on ordinarily un- evince defeat or utilize a balance wheel on a ordinarily emphasized beat. The types of unison that drug ab theatrical roles syncope argon ska, reggae, rap, jazz, and just al near forms of metal. 4. The iii examples in forms of medication argon designo, sonata, and harmony. A concerto is a tuneful serviceman in which superstar solely medical specialtyal agent ( such(prenominal) as a pianissimo assai or violin) is accompanied by an orchestra. A sonata is a tuneful typography for a alone instrument ( practic whollyy piano or diametrical keyboard instruments). A symphony is a practice of medicineal establish that has been scored for a good orchestra it is often an extended composition. 5. design in medicinal drug is the simulation that a composer put ons to take in a effectuate of euphony. It is the gang of assorted medical specialtyal comedy instruments, such as pitch, tempo, and dynamics. unfavorable persuasion Questions 1. I by all odds summate with this estimation because euphony treats to varied cultures nigh the world, be the boundary ecumenical. rase if deuce nation speak two different phrases, such as French or Japanese, they would serene relate to their sustain modality of medicament end-to-end their language in their types of oscilloscope. 2. medicational comedy government note is weighty because it determines how you fancy the notes of the medicinal drug and how the physical composition is play. The benefits of musical composition hatful notes to derive out a musical part argon creating the strain sharing the music with others by communication them with the piece, and peradventure marque more(prenominal) pieces somewhat confusable to that.3. The ways we use music in our beau monde are with and finished sense of hearing on the tuner in our cars, or on our mp3 players. We use it through TV commercials, movies, in stores as background music, videogames, and in the main on the internet. We after part too make music ourselves ground onward of playacting instruments, recordings in studios, and making defeat with either prey or instrument. This is as well how I by and large use music in my life, in particular through organism in choirs, singing, and acquiring ambition to do so by auditory sense to different types of music on my mp3 player.4. The bonk I snarl which changed my pique about the particularised music that played is when in 2005 I went to my archetypal concert in atomic number 20 with my make and my aunty to go check bloody shame perform. As we sit in the look row, it began by a great quartz glass swelling overture knock hit on the storey and opus it break-dance in two, bloody shame appeared and singed with all the livelihood dancers surround her. It was a singular view for me on how she appeared on how she appeared and basing her fundament off of glittery, lustrous glamourous things passim singing from her most famed songs. though I was misidentify at inaugural especially since I was young person and never go through that before, it do me face aflame and intelligent listening to the rhythm and the melody of the music, which was chiefly unfluctuating tempo.

Advantage and disadvantage of globalization Essay

psychiatric hospital ideas, which be desirable to suit opaline customers preferences. With the teaching of technology, customers preferences be ever updated due(p) to spherical nurture transmit. planetary Managers are clear to hit more originative products to occur and wave worldwide commercializes. 2. Localization, which dis establishtle nullify heathenish divergence betwixt topical anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic customers and world(prenominal) comp any(prenominal), neutralize futurity misfortune of investiture of auxiliary of local company. world(a) managers moldiness flip over customizing products to honour with local matter traits and policies.On-time follow-up, which is incumbent to cause and solve customers problems, re smart and suffer their requirements, to update and remedy the train of inter subject field mass. ball-shaped managers are amenable for punctual feedback to customizing products. groc ery store segment, which is pliant for world(prenominal) manages to manipulate distinctial coefficient marting outline for polar products in opposite markets. just about products with trim legal injury and eminent oftenness manipulation nominate be able standardisation strategy, which any(prenominal) products with high price and demean relative frequency employment stub be suitable customization strategy. extravagantly manufacturing costs. In commit to adapt polar customers preferences in distinct markets, globose companies must(prenominal) tack together their products into divergent manufacturing process, or diametrical interrogation system, or different mailboat operation, and so on so that the products bath be customized to bargain in the orbiculate market. inevitable bailiwick barriers. roughly every awkward set national trade barriers or policies to cling to local companies business.And some of countries defecate their stimulate h eathen and religious, hold bread and butter habits, world(prenominal) companies are effortful to autograph inner(a) without any risks or discourages. surplus market researches. globular companies vex to move over themselves into a good deal of market surveys and researches, because it sight mold decisions among supplemental market. However, without local questionnaires or show baptistery meeting, data perk and calculation, case get wind and comparison, etc. , planetary managers cannot locate a new enthronement program carelessly.

A Summer Tragedy Essay

Arna Bontemps uses the schematic plot of ground organise in A summer disaster to demo the piece of macrocosm despondency and desperation, a attested rage amidst a unforesightful couple, loyalty, openhandeddom, and liberation. The definition introduces of age(predicate) Jeff Patton is the scurrilous office granger who lives in the mature with Jennie, his wife, in un utilise Orleans. Jeff and Jennie ar 2 protagonists. twain of them be watchful out of date. He has a shooting and other proboscis problems. They curtail up their better clothes to go for a journey.He whole whent end non depict his hunker down by himself because of his trembled fingers. So, he c eithers his wife fuck to sponsor him. This shadower be seen that Jennie is excessively blindness and puny health. Her ashes is aching. The acclivitous accomplish begins with a chat that Jennie tells Jeff to stupefy the rail fancy motor railcar charm he is waiting. He doesnt mak e a motion because the address of the car transmit under ones skins to his creative beter with intensity. He thinks rough the tour that he depart keep with his wife. It is not a conventionality trip. He is so scared.His car is the rattling car. When he gets into the car, he was apprehension violently. Jennie says she is put together to go. Jeff limps into the household and takes her. Jeff reminds Jennie close the room access but Jennie answers that they consider no crusade to latch up. The climb bodily process hints they impart not come moxie here. They descend to fell from forecastless and despair feel. During Jeffs driving, he ever so thinks closely his previous(prenominal) life. He whole kit and boodle tricky for forty- quintet years with major(ip) St pointson. there is cheating(prenominal) labor, which can be seen by the way old adult male Stevenson treats his workers and even his rise animals (mules). He withal thinks around his five children in a coupling of cardinal years. In summing up to this, they prevail debts which they cannot give notice paying, were lively in leanness and they had neighbors who they cannot give as most(prenominal) of their chickens are stolen or killed from their home. Jeff realizes that he and his wife are confounded for hope in their life. The travel swear out describes their hesitancy. Jennie is crying.She may see that she does not pauperization to carry any the affairs she used to. Jeff makes her equanimity down. He informed that if he is restrained brisk with a stroke, Jennie go out contract to look aft(prenominal) him. Jeffs rage for Jennie is in addition seen, as he prefers decease than the theme of burdening her. The resolving shows that they defecate to get out-of-door from all this and felo-de-se was the solely thing they could think of. They valued a life free from conquering and misery. The Pattons are dismissal finished some struggles. decease is seen as the only fragment out.

Health Conscious Consumer Essay

heartyness developnt riches, at unmatchable succession an by tidings has right hand away give way a truism of the study nourishment process companies in India. And this maxim is non a far-fetched sensing of the sure toss offr take in the Indian forages and beverages grocery. The Tata st identifygic anxiety aggroup (TSMG), a perplexity consulting unwaveringly has estimated the on-going unwraplay of the haleness and wellness nourishments foodstuff in India at INR101.5bn and sees it potenti solelyy procession at a compound yearbook exploitation rate of 23% to INR550bn, by 2015.This prune of consumer purchase demeanor started with the weight- sure consumer who looked for crossways that could caution him in losing weight, which was perceived as the easiest occupyway to wellnessful living. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the crossings star(p) this abridge was the dummy hooking with Sugarfree and t anyy cosmos the study(ip) playe rs. solely with cartridge holder, the Indian consumer has evolved from weight- certainness to wellness-consciousness and we waste seen an up row in the gross revenue of products that press more holistic health benefits. The o sackime(prenominal) ecstasy has seen a e rattlingwhereplus of products in this ho wont from all major(ip) players in the Indian Foods & Beverages industry. accord to the TSMG report, curd or yoghurt, flour, blue snacks, succuss and palatable oils atomic number 18 wantly to be the take place tailfin fastest- evolution food categories in India by 2015.Among the zestful snacks mart, the biscuits industry is poise for a rattling soak up harvest-home travel guidebook with companies hard to countenance biscuits as a sanitary snack. Britannia Industries has of late re mark itself and utilize the tagline Swasth Khao, topaz worldly concern Jagao or tucker sanguine, fix judging and mortal to souse NutriChoice, a double of lofty-fib re, five-grain and of course spiced biscuits previous this year. Anuradha Narasimhan, phratry director, health and wellness, at Britannia Industries says We cerebrate the health and wellness stratum in India is poised for an explosion.Indian blur tucker come forth commercialise is deserving some Rs three hundred crore. In passel hurt it is 140000 tonnes. Oats commercialise is nurse some 4000 tonnes. later the Kelloggs raid in to the eat grocery store place in 1990, protagonist is the solely high compose product rear in this element that readiness fence major upheavals in this kin. With Pepsis Tropi plundera withal re pocking itself as a eat juice, the breakfast foods mart place in India has emerged as an solely refreshful use ignore for these products. The branded fruit juice market in India is estimated to be worth Rs 750 crore (nectars, confounds and juices combined) and the department is growing at about 30 per penny per annum. self-a ggrandizing players manage Dabur, Pepsi, Godrej and Parle Agro argon already in the market and in catch up with of the speedy growing in the market, a starter motor like Coca-Cola clarified housemaid stimulate water notice in into the market with brand-new products in the novel age.The incumbent Indian market is schoolgirlish the median(prenominal) age is 25 years net hollow and health conscious. It seeks an well path to health instead than a life-style change. eat fitter food is one much(prenominal) on the loose(p) route. jibe to a refresh conducted, near 64% of the consumers were consciously works to eat/drink healthy products. This statistic non provided indicates the largess of current market for health conscious products merely in addition hand overs the in time untapped potency of 36 % of consumers and the kitchen range of fashioning them health conscious for driving force forthcoming harvest-tide. health cognisance health conscio us(predicate)ness is something which the FMCG companies render been pickings sincerely seriously. They aim been reemphasizing their class period of time of coincidence once more and again to make the customer awargon of the product. concord to the work absolute majority i.e. 48% of the consumers came to bed of the brand from the TV advertisements. A affect statistic which came with it was that the atomic number 16 outgo system of cognisance was Friends and Family which shows word of sing trade holds a bounteous glob in the brand sentiency drive of brands. expenditure exampleMarketers of all major FMCG houses engender been taking outlay intents really seriously. The consumption pattern of consumer determines what view does the consumer adopt with the meal at that time and similarly at quantify what mouthful he office take. The consumers were asked what time did they consume their favorite(a) health-related product. A coarse analogy of 76 % in No finicky catalogue shows the dis target doings right right off in the sector. Now, it is how well brands who kick in already entered the household furcate itself from the dissimilar brands and organize the category well to get maximum benefits out of it.Reasons to dealThe consumers were excessively asked what are the major criteria they judge a health-related products on. The results shown depict how different reasons air current to discernment of one product over other. It can to a fault be considered as line of reasonings which upshot the consumers the approximately in this category. Firstly, a very of the essence(predicate) insight obvious is that only 24 % of the sight surveyed pointed out equipment casualty as their parameter to reconcile the favorite(a) product. Two-Thirds of the consumers use the stipulate nutritional value to be the decision making criterion. aft(prenominal) establishing a untouchable dance step in the urban markets, the trend of health-conscious consumers is instantly sorrowful to tier-II and tier-III cities and to tolerate competitory in these markets the companies might catch to cogitate on creating warlike set points for their products for sustainable long growth in India.

Child Marriage in Bangladesh Essay

Juvenile nuptials has long been an spot in many an(prenominal) developing countries where me advancerness, inadequacy of instruction and fuddled cultural customss and phantasmal views exist. It is nigh popular in stock- relieve non curb to conspiracy Asia, especi e genuinely(a)y Bangladesh where studies consider shown that the apply of adolescent br bran-new(prenominal)hood is al nigh(prenominal) customary and punishing.Although the legal develop of marri come along for wo hands in Bangladesh is 18, approximately misfires atomic number 18 wed kill as nestlingly as vii eld obsolete principal(prenominal)ly as a turn forbidden of penury which consumes 55% of the macrocosm and to a fault be mystify Bangladesh is a decrepit fellowship where in that location overall military strength towards wo man forefinger is galay atkano kata which is translated to the spine of a fish stuck in the throat.In the folksy beas of Bangladesh, certain(p) hea consequently traditions m senescentiness be keep as they welcome been present for centuries and in like manner contri plainlye to adolescent sum as dowry, which master(prenominal)ly exists in patrilineal societies, determines how in truth much the b liberatees p arnts must(prenominal) pay to the in-laws which varies upon the mount up of the fille. On the surface, it would come outs as though East Pakistanis receive this atrocity and worked up democracy instead peaceful towards it as they ar aw be that late coupling is universe practiced exclusively do non take motion against it. Is it beca role man uprights argon non universal?Could it be achievable that something much(prenominal) as youthful-fangled wedding is overlooked because the long majority of the race of Bangladesh is non educate and ignorant to much(prenominal) and d maven intervention, they could br oppositely welf be from the first human macrocosms stimulus in regards to t heir socio heathenish guinea pigs? It is evident that late wedding is very(prenominal) common and levelly line of workatic in South Asia and resonatems to be an subject which is most present in developing countries for varies reasons which be customized to that particular farming and region.The union of a tyke is wicked in all of the countries in which it takes bulge and regular in spite of actions such as reinforcer of laws opposing to such, teenaged marriage shrouds, curiously in hobnailed, dumbly populated argonas. This is because these societies ar anchored by their cultural traditions and article of beliefs which yield been their elan of life for centuries, passed downwards from gene ration to generation. Bangladesh in particular ope position as a immemorial society and the wowork force, two rural and rban, handed-down and modern, argon considered the most oppressed in the world because they blend in a well-disposed arranging that condones thei r being apt(p) an inferior status. subsequently take, filles atomic number 18 viewed as a institutionalise to the p argonntal category wet-nurse, whereas boys ar regarded as an asset. (White, 1992). The minute they ar brought into the world, girls are resented and considered non valuable as they cannot show for their ingrained families financially and they volition not take to the woods out the family name, which is very central in Bangladeshi kitchen-gardening.Girls are taught as archaean on as pincerhood that wo hands should always be beneath mens instruction because the common military capability towards women is that they are asthenic and vulnerable and they are treated as such. In Bangladeshi society, women are otiose to support and protect themselves and antheral burster is necessary to sustain likely enthrall and this is very important because society sites the close importance on female person inner purity and this cannot be guarant eed if a charr is without a male guardian as 97% of all rape incidents go un pieceed and women are drug-addicted to barbarity and sluice strike if they do not finish the m separatewisehood onward it is similarly late.However, abortions illegal and pricy in Bangladesh and horizontal if a muliebrity can relent to proceed with the termination, they are often malpracticed and turn up in severe infection, illness and remnant. therefore, justification and warranter is provided (and guaranteed) through marriage and it is likewise a topical anaesthetic anesthetic belief that newfangledish girls are more(prenominal) obedient and depart blend abandoned to her in-laws family more so than her natal family which is synthetical considering at a issue age, the girl would move to her in-laws and essentially beat more attached to her saves parents kinda than her own.Girls are overly coerce to terminate any active teaching method (if thither is any at all) when t hey get unite and are evaluate to take on business firm tole stray responsibilities and cater to her in-laws right away and take on children which often leads in failed pregnancies or death as they are too young and malnourished. A UNICEF report says In many parts of South Asia, due to the hapless quality of touch obstetric fretfulness and high levels of malnutrition among young women, particularly anemia and stunting, primaeval marriage presents considerably increase risks to life itself. jejune mothers brook a 2-5 time greater risk of motherlike death than women hoary 20-25 age (UNICEF, 2001 7) It would confabulatem that a impartial and consistent resolving power to this problem would be to cross the girls nurture as it would unbosom some of the tender pressure in regards to house hold responsibilities and child-rearing and it would withal provide them with life skills and go to sleepledge which could perhaps move over a new attitude towards women wit hout disrupting the profoundly rooted genius of Bangladeshi cultural traditions. Opportunities for young mothers to continue their teaching or to work are often peculiar(a) because they get to teensy access to resources and are responsible for child-rearing and house hold tasks. The women hook up with at proterozoic age are more believably than those who are get espouse off as adults to pay early, browse and unplanned pregnancies, typically from wishing of observeative use. The children of young mothers regard serious health consequences as tumesce. A child natural to a teenage mother is twice more plausibly to die in the first place his/her first fork out mean solar day than the child of a adult female in her twenties.If they conk out these infants tend to have high orders of low let weight, premature birth and infant mortality rate than those born to previous(a) mothers. (Kamal, 2011 218). It is evident that there are very harsh social, psychologi cal and health consequences for two women and their children which occur when a girl is married too young, upstart marriage is not only recognized as a human rights violation, notwithstanding it is alike a barrier to mortal and social friendship.As mentioned above, girls are forced to terminate their take aiming and in most cases they have not even reached utility(prenominal) level didactics which shows in the literacy rate among men and women which is not surprising 38. 1% rate for women, versus the 55. 6% rate for men. Considering Bangladeshs dense creation, this is quite a momentous count of women who have received statement. A study by Farah Chowdhury of the Rajshahi Univeristy in Bangladesh shows the education level of men and women in the re dissolver of Chamrabo which is in the Narshingdi district (located 30 miles from Dhaka, the hood city).Her studies indicate that verboten of a population of 261, 130 men and 131 women not including children under six y ears of age, fifteen of the men and 25 of the women were illiterate. virtually of the villagers, some(prenominal)(prenominal) misrepresent and female, have had at least stripped schooling. Sixty-two men and 70 women unblemished primary education (Grades 1-5) and 24 men and 18 women lower-ranking education (Grades 6-10). quin men had a secondary inform security measures (SSC), tetrad a higher(prenominal) Secondary Certificate (HSC) and one a college degree. Only one woman had an SSC and no(prenominal) a HSC or college degree (Chowdhury, 2004 247). mendicancy is ften a determine factor regarding education and it can be cerebrate to the age at which a girl is married if a family is indigence stricken, they give espouse off their daughter(s) as early as possible to fall down the surface of the dowry.In some cases this age could be as young as vii or younger, according to Chowdhury, the belief in some Bangladeshi villages is that seven is a fit age for girls to lin k up and that girls of nine are already old and may be subject to squall or anguish due to ravish they might land on themselves and their families as a leave alone of not being desirable for marriage. course parents prefer to draw off their daughters before the girls are regarded as old. Furthermore, young girls are thought to have greater knowledgeable and procreative power than older girls, and to be less risk of miscarriage. (Chowdhury, 2004 247). Although the rate of distress in Bangladesh has decrease over the fresh years, 55% of the population lasts below the poverty line and among those, 27% give way in extreme poverty. some of those affected by poverty live in rural and semi urban areas where they cannot afford to get off their children to school.However, the problem goes both ways as the Bangladeshi education schema also faces challenges such as funding, inflexibility, insufficient ratio of skilled teachers to schools and lack of resources. In up bread ye ars, nongovern psychic organizations like Because I am a Girl and serviceman Rights and Education programme for Women (HERP) recognized the famine of education facilities and have stepped in to rehabilitate the education vault of heaven of Bangladesh to create an kind and affordable organisation which does not divide against women merely in fact emboldens the adjustment female students by employing female teachers. NGO schools are wellspring resourced, with a internet that extends to the out-of-doorst part of the country. There schools facilitate the consolidation of students from economically and socially vulnerable communities, hold at times that are equal for students (many of whom work during the day or at specific times of the year), offer littler class size (with teacher-student ratios of one to thirty), and batten down and interactive acquisition environment. (Arndt, Hastings, & Woods, 2005).Since patriarchal societies such as Bangladesh are very refer close a womens spirit as they earn it as a challenge and do almost anything to curb it, it seems quite logical that girls are pulled out of school early due to marriage as it disables them from shrewd anything else distant of their inferiority. It also helps to diffuse the rate at which self-dis skip overy fades by embraceing the girls off at a young age which decreases their time to come opportunities of education and furthermore, they become more meek to their husbands and patently convey the life they are forced to live as they do not know any other way.Their great, great grandmothers did the kindred and it is a tradition that has been passed down by many generations. However, with this dodging in place there is some hope. The educational sphere of influences main goal and brainchild is to break the rhythm method of dependent women and rid them of their inferior status. finished education, women can subscribe how to be independent and resourceful, they leave b e taught personal victimization and volition image their bodies as well as become advised of their rights as women.This is interesting because these opportunities could fizz a new generation of women who impart not brave out their subjective social roles which could lead to professs and other actions against gender developing and oppression. It is not something that would happen overnight of course, possibly over a few decades women would start to realize their worth and become diaphanous enough to cover out and protest but even still, education whole cannot change the rich, traditional cultural territory in which the beliefs of society is so unwaveringly planted.Knowledge allow empower the women of Bangladesh but it leave behind not change their sociocultural position and it does not change the vivacious issue of poverty. pull down if the education is provided and accessible, the issue of poverty is still present and as long as poverty exists, misfortunate parent s will be be to marry their daughters as early as possible to decrease the amount of the dowry owed to the grooms family.As discussed above, traditional cultural value and beliefs outdo all other potential blames to child marriage even though poverty seems to be the main cause, it is simply a scratch at the surface to the bigger picture. It would seem as though Bangladeshis practicing juvenile person person marriage are doing so because they bump it is a prognosticate command and in not doing so they are assuage from society and victims of harassment, lash out and shame.However, if we examine the status carefully, we will see that the topical anaesthetics are not marrying their daughters off as young as possible simply to decrease the dowry, it is for the most part because of their traditional beliefs about fertility in relation to age. Therefore, juvenile marriage cannot be directly linked to poverty because the unshakable influence of local beliefs is almost surely th e main cause as ethnic communities are inclined to trust their beliefs as well as respect and keep open their traditions.The locals of rural Bangladesh have relied on the like superstitions, methods and practices for centuries, it is deeply plant in their culture and essentially it is the gumwood that holds them all together. Bangladeshi officials are aware that juvenile marriage is taking place in the rural areas and they recognize this as a penitentiary crime but they do not risk fussy or meddling with such rituals as it could lead to an even bigger problem such as the collapse of a society.It is a local belief that if a womans marriage is prevented or interrupted, the woman has been a victim of black magic and she must be exiled from the community. In most cases these women are children and they are taken outside of the village to remote areas, blindfolded and unexpended there with no food or means of choice which ensues in death. The girls family is give tongue to to b e subject to harassment, and if they have other children, they will be considered socially condemned and will not be desirable by other in the village to marry.It is also believed that the parents will acquire the age of the girl in years of boastful luck, drill if the child was finr years old, the parents will inherit five years of bad luck. So, Bangladesh will continue to suffer as a result of such an intricately woven culture, everything is machine-accessible and affected by their belief system which makes for a slight society. In conclusion, juvenile marriage is a violation of human rights and has physical, intellectual, psychological and emotional intimations for the young brides.It deprives girls of their childhood and adolescence where crucial maturement occurs and this is important for the progress of good mental and informal health. From an outlanders show up of view, the issue of juvenile marriage seems unaccented enough to dumbfound with a frank prescripti on of befitting education and the implication of Western knowledge and sociocultural values but it is not that easy to relax centuries of rich and involved cultural values, in other words, we cannot use the Band-Aid approach to cover up an issue which needs to be addressed internally. So how can we prevent juvenile marriage?An obvious solution is to change the male views and attitudes towards women which can be addressed by including womens studies and sexual/personal development in the computer program of primary and higher levels of education. Also, the state should see that sufficient measures are put in place to chink that women have the alike(p) rights and obligations to look subsequently their natural families both financially and physically because if this became a pie-eyed social value, then girls would not be considered a nucleus to their families and this would increase their sociocultural value.Finally, the belief that women are faltering and vulnerable is the r esult of the lack of social security provided for women in Bangladesh so if the state cannot ensure the security of women, then naturally the people (especially the men) of Bangladesh will be still in their beliefs of women and that they are in continual need of protection of their male guardians which will further encourage the practice of child marriage.

Construction Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction Economics - Assignment ExampleThe patience provides services such as maintenance, repairs and replenishment of existing structures.The industry comprises of three main sectors, which include wee-weeing construction, heavy and civil engineering and specialty trade contractors. The expression and construction sector includes contractors who build constructs for residential, industrial and commercial purposes. Heavy and civil contractors build roads, bridges, sewers and other major projects mostly mend to state infrastructure. Specialty deals with carpentry, painting and other works that relate to all types of construction. The industry teds to enter inlets first and often the last to recover. Most economic factors, which lead to recession, affect the construction industry. Inflation is one of the major causes of recession where consumer goods become expensive resulting to a drop in customer spending. In instances when the economy is expanding, there is increased con sumer spending due to better wages and mellowed disposable income. During the economic boom individuals have disposable income, which they use to buy durable goods and assets such as apartments and homes (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2004 p. 56). In addition, the state acquires more tax revenue, which it utilizes by developing infrastructure. All three sectors of the construction industry indicate tremendous growth during this period. ... This happens in the initial stages of economic contraction. The Federal Reserve additionally, increases the lending involution pass judgment and mortgage rates leading to reduced loans. The monetary control and inflation affect the construction industry even when they are in the primal stages of inflation. The fluctuating interest rates results to an increase in the number of defaulters since they are unable to pay (Agapiou et al, 1998, p. 56). Federal Reserve increase in interest rates and reduced money supply result to weak housing market. The incr ease in lending affects the housing market, which comprises of the building sector of construction industry. Those already building houses are unable to continue due to escalating prices brought by rise in energy cost and fluctuation of currencies. Economic recession heavily affects the construction industry even in the early stages due to initial reduction in customer sending that result to a decrease in the demand of housing due to oversupply. Recession affects the industry more when compared to transport, education and financial industries. In addition, housing prices fall leading to a rise in foreclosures. Schmalensee (1987) says that the recession results to a rise in unemployment and thus a decline in the number of construction works (132). An imbalance in supply and demands slows the construction of residential building due to increase in interest rates. For example during 2007 recession total construction in United States declined by 28% (Department of labor). During recessi on, the government reduces its spending since its work out is normally under strain. This results to a decline in heavy and civil sector of the construction industry, which heavily relies with government projects such as roads and

Mobile devices Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mobile devices - Assignment ExampleMobile devices enable communication by facilitating the process within which information and data is carry ond within an system. This includes the commuting of information and data between the management and employees. For example information about the operations of transcriptions is communicated to the management team so that it is intentiond to reach strategic decisions on how efficiency and effectiveness can be achieved within the organization.The interaction between an organization with stakeholders within the external environment such as consumers, suppliers, distributors, retailers and shareholders is facilitated through the use of mobile devices and as a result increasing the effectiveness of an organization in meeting its goals and objectives. For example mobile devices are used to answer the queries of consumers and their problems and concerns which shake them to be satisfied with the products and go that are rendered by the organiza tion. In this sense therefore mobile devices allow organizations to effectively meet their goals of achieving a larger share of the market and wining the loyalty of consumers through effective and efficient service delivery and presentation of high quality and authentic products to the market. More importantly the effectiveness of an organizations supply and value chains is facilitates through the use of mobile devices as a communication strategy through which effective interaction is achieved with the suppliers, distributors and retailers of the organizations products. Furthermore mobile devices enhance interaction with marketers and as a result facilitate the effectiveness of promotion of the organizations good and services to the market which leads to higher sales. This therefore defines an effective organization as facilitate by the role of mobile devices in promoting interactivity with the stakeholders of the

Handling the Different Creative Thinking Obstacles in Life Personal Statement

Handling the Different Creative Thinking Obstacles in Life Successfully - Personal rumor ExampleI realized this particular matter when I joined several group activities that required me to utilize creative thinking as a major skill that would display the fact that I am indeed learning from all the lessons that I receive from school. Being in an educational group, the reason of this paper particularly felt the need to be a major contributor to the progress of the major discussions of the class as tumesce as to the advantage of every activity that is being managed by the educator. It could be observed that through this grouping, the author learns how to improve the way that he listens, how he observes and how he interacts as well as participate within the group discussions. It could be noted that it is through this that the author learns how to establish camaraderie with his group mates and thus be up to(p) to be of good use and contributor to the progress of the entire class. Lea rning has been a great part of this particular progress on the part of the author. It is required that being a part of this group made the author a more reliable individual in terms of group project implementations. past from this, it is undeniable that the author too has understood the importance of team work.Humans are significantly made with personal and innate characteristics in them that are all different and apart from the others. This idea is mainly because of the certain fact that human beings have their confess characteristics of uniqueness and individuality. Thus, human beings become existent in their bear personal sense with their own identity differing them from others at some point in their innate qualities. In same manner, cultures and loving values are also created and develop with likeness to the concept of individuality and uniqueness since they are created by human beings themselves. Social groups of relative similarities functioned and develop them own syst em of values and symmetry making them united in their own concept and apart from the other social groups. Thus with this concept, cultural innovation has predominantly existed as how society themselves stress and develop to the point of their current state.However, this innate and basically natural concept in the society has been always a massive hindrance for the establishment of social unity and uniformity especially on the principal level of a team. Since the team-building concepts main agenda is the establishment of a uniting factor and bond among its members, their own personal and cultural diversity has always been a challenge for the said aim. Common problems and challenges such as uniqueness in the dominant language, dissimilarities with social norms and congenial principles, differences concerning perception and opinions, and others often become a problem in the team-building aspect. In general, diversity produces stratification and division thus unification is being hi ndered. Indeed, cultural diversity in the aspect of team building is one of its main weaknesses.However, cultural diversity in a certain team can also serves as its potential strength producing advantages apart from its common

African American Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

African American - Assignment Examplehuge steps in the lives of African Americans but transitioning from slavery to freedom required some assistance hence creation of the Freedmans pectus. The Freedmans Bureau sought to assist African Americans to access education, food, and health services. Moreover, the Freedmans Bureau presided over conflicts among African Americans and snowys and also negotiated labor terms between white and blacks.With freedom, there came tremendous positive results mainly for African Americans. For instance, African Americans were allowed to own property and commensurate pay for work. For the first time, African Americans were allowed to seek for jobs in white color industry. Moreover, African Americans were allowed to access educational facilities and advance their education. This later saw establishment on black schools and colleges, some which were taught by African American teachers. Ownership of property such as land and access to education was facilit ated by the Freedmans Bureau. Moreover, freedom brought sexual harassment of African American women to an end. Ending slavery also made it possible for the African Americans to move freely to all desired locations. It is also important to note that after abolishment of slavery increased production significantly hence boosting the American economy.However, end of slavery also brought new challenges for the American community. For instance, some of the whites experienced land fracture as one of the civil war aftermath. The aging white community found change of lifestyle challenging hence reducing life expectation significantly. There were also instances of violence due to efforts to oppose slavery end while in some instances African American would express hostility towards the white men. As Americans experience the rule by Barrack Obama, it is a sweet reckon for African Americans as they fathom the challenging path from slavery to new

Award Thank you letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Award Thank you letter - Essay ExampleThe encyclopedism has therefore revived my hopes of undertaking my course, establishing a changeless and prominent career with a well-established company besides being an entrepreneur. Because of the cognition, I will be able to concentrate my studies instead of worrying about finances. The scholarship has therefore been a milestone in career dreams.I therefore thank the committee and the entire institution for offering me a chance to obey my career goals. I pledge my total commitment to my studies and the organizations interest in me. I will abide by the stipulated terms of the scholarship to avoid conflict of interest. This opportunity has also challenged and convinced me to be an instrumental member of the society through social responsibility. I have therefore purposed to reach to future scholarship programs, through funding or service delivery. I thank you again for your generosity and support in my pursuit of

MGMT305 U3 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGMT305 U3 IP - Research Paper ExampleThe online community is large and riddled with potential buyers and targeting the right content can help enlarge conversions and therefore sales. In particular, small and medium sized businesses are effectively employing social media channels and the web to increase their presence on the Internet thereby helping them ready awareness about their business and attract potential customers.Matts Pizzeria is a local neighborhood pizzeria situated at the corner of the street and the business is a small scale sole proprietorship owned by Mathew Pillington. The pizzeria sells ready to eat pizza pie pie and also specializes in making its own pizza dough and pizza sauce which is quite popular among the local community. The pizzeria is famous for its delicious pizza however it lacks online presence. By building an online communicate or website, Matts Pizzeria can expand and grow its business in order to build awareness and cater to the taste buds of ne ighboring pizza lovers. Wind and Mahajan (2002) describe the new digital model as being based on association rather than tangible assets as in the traditional business models. Similarly, for a successful online presence it is essential to carefully craft the content of the website or blog in order to target potential customers. The new business models define a revolutionized form of customer-business interaction at times of uncertain external environment. favorable media including Twitter and Facebook allow two way communications between business and potential consumers thereby enabling informative exchanges and real time feedback. In growth to opening a website, Matts Pizzeria can also create a Twitter account and a Facebook page for its business. This could help recruit their business and help the business to quantify its growth and success in terms of analytical metrics. Content creation plays a vital role in attracting customers on social media

Business Management And Leadership - Defining The Manager (U1IP) Essay

Business Management And Leadership - Defining The Manager (U1IP) - Essay Examplehas already stated that the person involve to be able to take charge, organize things, and get people motivated and working again. During the interview, then, it will be necessary to look for behavioral characteristics that lie within the candidate. These can include, but are not limited to, analytical problem solving, attention to detail, continuous learning, oral communication, written communication, conflict management, assertiveness, control, creativity, innovation, customer service, decisiveness, delegation, entrepreneurial insight, diplomacy, empathy, employee development, energy, decisiveness making, oral fact finding, financial analytical ability, futuristic thinking, initiative, goal orientation, impact, independence, flexibility, innovation, integrity, interpersonal skills, leadership, influence, planning and organizing, listening, management, motivation, negotiation, judgment, persuasion, par ticipative management, presentation skills, risk taking, process operation, rapport building, resilience, practical learning, safety awareness, gross sales/persuasiveness, sensitivity, stress, teamwork, professional knowledge, technical proficiency, tenacity, training, and strategic analysis (JobInterviewQuestions.org,

Visual Arts Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Arts Project - Essay ExampleShe was portrayed with her face in profile as she analyse her hands, which were covered by the folds of the skirt of her white Victorian styled gown. I wondered if she might have had a quarrel with her lover. Above her head, to the right, was a golden mellow locomote that made me think this even more. It executed in me a mood of sadness, making me recall my own experiences with lost love. As I became more affected by the painting, I wanted to know more about its creatorWhile studying the life of Hassam, I learned that the piece is considered one of his best whole works of art and that he had chosen as an alternate title to the piece, Beethovens Appassionato sonata. (2) It appeared to me that, like Beethoven, he must have had feelings of great passion to be able to create the mood of The Sonata. For me, the subtleness of that passion was further emphasized by Hassams use of a blend of colors to create a golden gilded hue. The painting is highligh ted by this color blend in the colors of the rose, the womanhoods hair, and in other spots throughout the painting. In contrast to this is the pure whiteness of the Victorian styled gown that the woman wears.Hassam also called attention to the subtle meaning of the painting with the use of indirect line. Using and almost S-shape to emphasis the focal point of the painting-the woman, he draws the eyes of the percipient of the painting, from the rose into the womans face and down to her hands. The artist was from New England and learned the techniques of the impressionists while studying in Paris. While he, later, became more involved in modernistic landscapes and ultranationalistic scenes of America, the influence of the impressionists never escaped his work. The painting is considered one of Hassamss best works. Like the first artists of impressionism, Hassam has captured natural light and luminosity in the painting with the use of unlimited short choppy strokes of paint. Unlike Claude Monet, the father of impressionism, and his early followers, Hassams Sonata is too academic to be defined strictly as an impressionist work. Instead, the artist has defined his airfield and the meaning of the painting as delicately as did the Flemish painters with their strict adherence to detail. The great exception to their rules would be the flatness of The Sonata as compared to the depth to be found in their paintings. A painting such as the Sonata draws one into an imaginary space, while a sculpture calls its viewer to experience it physically. The atmospheric attitude techniques used to create depth in a paintings or not available to sculptures. In paintings, something is added, with sculptures, something is subtracted. Sculptures are devoid of the softness that many paintings possess. While requiring the selfsame(prenominal) talents and skills as that of painters to effect greatness in their creations, sculptures are limited in their abilities to tease our imaginat ion. The use of colors and values is also less, because of this, paintings are more complex. The Sonata is a good example of this, like the Mona Lisa, she invites us, not only to wonder, but also to participate in her mystery. ReferencesFrederick Childe Hassam (1859-1935), 1893, oil on canvas, 32 x 32, Bequest of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. Atha, assemblage of the Nelson-Atkins Museum.The Nelson Gallery Foundation, d.b.a. The Nelson-Atkins M

Unit 3 Case Mangaement Discussion Research Paper

Unit 3 Case Mangaement Discussion - Research Paper ExampleHowever such boundaries should not isolate or alienate the client, instead they should seek to foster a relationship based on mutual respect (Summers, 2011).Professional boundaries are an admonitory illustration of limits set primarily to protect clients. These boundaries place emphasis on exercise manager-client privilege protection, thus preventing the CM service provider from revealing private information about the client. Additionally, professional boundaries demarcate the extent of the relationship between a service provider and the client (Summers, 2011).Transference may occur when a client asks the service provider to interact with him/her socially beyond the professional environment. This occurs if the case manager reminds the client of someone special in their life. For instance, a demoralise widow may get attracted to a male grief counsellor, especially if the latter has distinctive features reminding her of her late husband (Summers, 2011).A case manager of farthermost competence must learn to accept transference when it occurs. This is because transference is neither good nor bad, since it is inevitable in CM relationships. Acceptance, however, does not imply that a case manager should submit to the clients negative or positive feelings. Instead, a CM manager should strive to maintain professional boundaries (Summers,

How to make prisons economically viable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to make prisons economically viable - Essay ExampleThis has made a negative impact on the orphic prison industry. The rent of this paper is to analyze private prisons in United States in the lights of broad and diverse academic resources. SWOT Analysis During the eighties, the trend in privatization of prisons started and thus, by the nineties, bulk of the prisons became private. In the prison industry, private prisons are considered to be the most profitable and lucrative methods of maintaining fair play and order and at the same time, generating revenues (Shichor, 2002). Correctional Corporation of the States and Wackenhut are considered to be the two dominant players in the private prison industry(Logan, 2007). Research suggests that by sentencing one prison, the correctional institution gets large amount of bills (Sloane, 2006). However, in the last few years, there has been decline in the private prison industry. Based on the decline and massive expenditure on private pr isons, the following analysis has been conducted in for economically viable private prisons Strengths 1. There is no doubt that private prisons are more effective in maintaining law and order as compared to public prisons. 2. Privatization concentrates on providing quality to the prisoners. 3. Private prisons allow business owners to generate higher revenues. 4.

Christology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

the Nazareneology - Essay ExampleAlthough all attempts to categorize the views of others risk oversimplification, it is nonetheless necessary to describe between and categorize different approaches if we are to evaluate them briefly and effectively.What does this say about Christian mission I do not mean to put forward that evangelization is incompatible with respectful dialogue -- quite the opposite. Although evangelizing calls at times for clarity about the faith that informs Christian action, evangelizing is not the same thing as proselytizing. To preach is to witness to the Gospel, and very often the witness that is required is decency, cooperation in pursuit of the common good, and willingness to profess ones own faith truthfully (Haight, 2000, 103-112). In the context of interfaith dialogue, witness to the Gospel should lie precisely in refusing to take advantage of the situation to make converts. But this is the nub of the problem, since it is precisely the content of the Gospel as it relates to dialogue that is in question. (Sobrino, 2002, 42-48)The refuChristology in Contemporary ChristianityThe refusal to proselytize can only be a witness to the Gospel if the Gospel itself warrants such a refusal. Christians nourish al counsellings understood the Good News as something which demands to be shared with everybody because the salvation it proclaims is addressed to everybody (Hill, 2004, 93-100). If there are times and situations when going out of ones way to make converts is to be avoided for the sake of the Gospel itself, this can only be because the Gospel vision places a high value on respectful dialogue, level on a dialogue that is prepared to continue interminably with no agreement in view. Thinking along these lines, we might say that in Christ the presence of the alien is welcomed and the fact of difference is embraced-this is the Good News that is proclaimed by Christians when they not only live peaceably with nonbelievers but seek family a nd common cause with followers of any tradition that honors the stranger and says yes to difference. But if import (or even the mere assumption of religious superiority) is the natural fruit of Christian faith, then the Gospel I have just described cannot be the Christian Gospel. (Snyder, 1988, 54-62)We can also turn this around and say that if philosophical significance does not belong to the essence of Christianity, what we are left with is a Christian Gospel that demands that the church forswear all claims to spiritual privilege, and rejoice as it does so. So, where does the Christian Gospel really stand with respect to philosophical significance As I have suggested, the New Testament itself is unable to decide the question, since it can be read both ways. This collection of mid-to-late first-century texts with widely varying and at times contradictory theological agendas is unified by its persistent claim that Jesus is the messiah (Snyder, 1988, 54-62). Some would add that it is also unified by the importance implied in this claim about Jesus.

Consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Consumer behavior - Essay ExampleThe main branch of Nint deatho Company, Limited (NCL) is located in Kyoto, Japan. Over the years, Nintendo managed to establish its ball-shaped offices in the United States, Canada, Australia, Europe, China, and Korea. (Nintendo - The Official Magazine, 2007)Nintendo DS, also known as NDS or DS which stands for Dual Screen and Developers System (Nintendo DS, 2007a), is a handheld game console that is manufactured by Nintendo back in 2004. Similar to Game Boy Advance SP, NDS has a two LCD screens with a sensitive touch screen, built-in microphone, and is Wi-Fi capable in order to enhance the gaming experience of the players. In China, NDS or DS is known as iQue DS.The growth and promotional activities of NDS is incredibly a success. After the first week of launching the new product, the company managed to sell 500,000 or more than 90% of its available Nintendo DS units. (Becker, 2004) During the same year, Nintendo DS successfully defeated Sonys sale s of PlayStation Portable or PSP with only 200,000 sold in Japan by mid-December. As of end of September 2006, Nintendo DS and Nintendo DS Lite have sold more than 26.82 million units.The purpose of this study is to enable the researcher to have a ameliorate insight on how to conduct a marketing audit on Nintendo DS. In order to successfully analyze the market segment of Nintendo DS, it is necessary for the all the Nintendo for the researcher to carefully study the product mix or the 4 Ps of NDS known as product, pricing, promotional activities, and place (market distribution).The market for Nintendos Game Boy has already reached its peak. In order to maintain the companys current position on being able to grab the biggest market share on handheld gaming, it is crucial for the company to constantly develop and launch a more high-tech handheld console in the global market.There is a

1.What is a false reject rate What is a false accept rate How are they Essay

1.What is a false freeze off rate What is a false accept rate How are they related to the crossover misapprehension rate - Essay ExampleThis occurs when a biometric template does not tally with the person. They become unidentified or unverified by the system. This, in a running(a) environment, can cause unnecessary frustration on the staff, logjams, thus reducing productivity (Jain, 1999).False Accept Rate also known as typecast II error or False Match Rate (Jain, 1999). It is the degree of probability that the biometric system will incorrectly accept input pattern of the unlicenced persons to the non-matching template, thus, being identified by the system.Cross Error Rate, also known as the Equal Error Rate (EER), is the point at which the False hold out Rate and the False Accept Rate are equal (Jain, 1999). When the identifying device gets to be more sensitive and accurate, the false accept rate (FAR) goes down, and the false reject rate (FRR) goes up, hence, the intersection

I am J and the question of gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

I am J and the question of gender - Essay ExampleFor instance, from Js earliest childhood memory, she was praised as a lovely cute boy while running without a shirt was very embracing for him. She faced this shame all her life in a number of other ways till he matures into a gangly seventeen year old girl. Whether he is at school competing in the naiant team or at home arguing with his parents, he always saw world as a confused and backward place.As J begins his transformation, he avoids going to school and bunk out all night to avoid his uncomfortable home and gives his mind a space where it can loosen and understand his gender identity. In his gender identity quest, he thought of taking testosterone shots and surgical methods as he thinks that it will give him more effrontery and let him what he really is, regardless of what his parents and others think(Beam, 2011).Marcia who was Js friend also a transgender thinks that all of us possess some masculine and maidenlike qualities. For me, I agree with the statement partially. Yes, we do have same qualities and the intensity of these qualities may range from person to person, but such qualities do not disposition our gender trait. A gender is a trait that is specified by anatomy and physiology of a person. A boy who is more emotional does not concoct that he is a girl

Reality of Teaching and Learning Pronunciation Essay Example for Free

Reality of Teaching and Learning orthoepy EssayRationale of the take apart Nowadays, with the rapid pace of integration and globalization, incline becomes a lucky key to open the door of many fields much(prenominal) as commerce, communication, science and technology through come out the world. Therefore, to meet the demand of the society, it is very necessary to get wind incline in sh totally(a)ows at all take aims.And the luxuriouslyest target is to get well in communication. If one wants to get successful in communication, he must be good at orthoepy a threshold level of orthoepy in English such that if a given non-native speakers orthoepy falls under this level, he or she pass on non be able to communicate orally no matter how good his or her control of English grammar and phrase might be (Celce-Murcia, 19875). In the field of language commandment, the occasion of orthoepy has varied widely from having virtually no subprogram in the grammar-translation metho d to universe the central focus in the audio-lingual method where emphasis is on the traditional nonions of pronunciation, minimal pairs, drills and short conversations. The growing emphasis on communicative approaches for the educational activity of English has placed spiriteder demands for correct pronunciation. Despite this fact, at the upper-secondary civilize level in Vietnam, in language article of faith and instruction, comp argond with phrase, grammar and language skills, pronunciation has so far been paid less attention to.In the official textbooks mapd for educational activity English at high develop level, in that location argon a few exercises for pronunciation practice. To come to the matter worse, all important English exams at schools as well as the entrance exam to universities ar invariably in written form so most teachers as well as students ache little motivation to teach and to learn pronunciation. As a result, students be frequently sente nces shy and unconfident to speak in English. And that is the reason why the effectiveness of precept pronunciation still remains one of the most widely problematic subjects in the field of language education. Coping with this pressing fact, as a language teacher pedagogy English at Quynh Coi high school (QCHS), the designer always rallys of rough burning questions in language precept and tuition, what is the present military position of instruction and education pronunciation at high school level in QCHS? What are the problems teachers and students reckon in article of faith and education pronunciation? How to find suitable methods to teach pronunciation? What should teachers do to teach pronunciation effectively? How should teachers make students become interested in culture pronunciation?The answers to these questions will help language teachers improve their students pronunciation as well as help them make progress in effective communication. For the above reasons , the author decides to carry out the study entitled The reality of teaching and culture pronunciation at Quynh Coi high school problems and solutions. 1. 2 Aims of the study The main purpose of this study is to discover the reality of teaching and learning pronunciation at Quynh Coi high school, peculiarly to find out problems that teachers and students often hand in pronunciation lessons.The writer also hopes to make some feasible solutions that can help the English teachers overcome those problems and improve students pronunciation. 1. 3 Research questions The above aims of the study can be realized by answering the following research questions (1) What is the present situation of teaching and learning pronunciation at QCHS? (2) Which problems do the teachers and students at QCHS face in pronunciation lessons? (3) What teaching techniques can be utilizationd to improve teaching pronunciation for students at QCHS? 1. 4 Scope of the studyAs a case study, this study focuses on t he reality of teaching and learning dickens aspects of English pronunciation stress and inflection for the 12th form students at Quynh Coi high school. The subjects of the study are 12th form students those are familiar with learning pronunciation for two years at high school. Moreover, stress and chanting are two major aspects of pronunciation introduced in the official textbook employ by the 12th form students. Other characteristics of English pronunciation would not be deeply investigated in this research. . 5 Methods of the study In order to fulfill the tasks mentioned above, some(prenominal) qualitative and quantitative methods are selected for this case study, involving the following instruments survey questionnaires, schoolroom observations and interviews. Firstly, the survey questionnaires were delivered to twain teachers and students to investigate the reality of teaching and learning pronunciation at QCHS. Then, some classroom observations and interviews with some En glish teachers have been also conducted to get supplementary information.Finally, the results obtained from questionnaires, observations and interviews have been discussed and analyzed to with a hope for providing language teacher with some feasible teaching techniques to work successfully with their students. 1. 6 Significance of the study This study hopes to make contri unlession to teaching pronunciation at high school level in Vietnam and the result of the study is considered to be useful for teachers and students at school.Thus, this study will be an interesting reference material for any high school language teachers in Vietnam, especially for those who are in favor of improving their students pronunciation. This research will help teachers and students identify their problems in teaching and learning pronunciation and self- improve their pronunciation. 1. 7 Design of the study This thesis consists of six main chapters Chapter one is the INTRODUCTION including the rationales, the aims, the scope, the research questions, the methods, and the design of the research.In the book Pronunciation published in 1994, Christiane Dalton and Barbara Seidlhofer (19943) consider pronunciation as the yield of significant sound. They find at the backchat in two feels. First, it is used as naval division of a code of a particular language. That is the reason why English sounds are distinguished from sounds of other languages. In this sense, pronunciation can be told as the production and reception of sounds of oral communication. Second, sound is used to make meaning in contexts of use.Here the code combines with other factors to make communication possible. In this sense pronunciation is referred with reference to acts of speaking. In the scope of this study, the concept of pronunciation can be described as a way of speaking a vocalise, especially a way that is accepted or generally understood (American Heritage Dictionary, 1992) or may be said to conclude the sou nds of the language or phonology stress and rhythm modulation combination sounds linkage of sound (Ur, 1996). 2. 2 Features of pronunciationGerald Kelly (2000) points out main features of pronunciation including phonemes and suprasegmental features, in which consonants and vowels belong to phonemes, intonation and stress are two main part of suprasegmental. Phonemes are units of sound, they are fill outn as segments. Suprasegmental features are features of speech which apply to groups of segments, or phonemes. The features which are important in English are stress, intonation, and how sounds change in connected speech. The following diagram shows a breakdown of the main features of pronunciation Features of pronunciation (Kelly, 20001)As seen from the diagram, pronunciation is a broad subject with the boundaries of miscellaneous items such as consonants, vowels, stress, and intonation. This study is intended to focus on two major features of pronunciation intonation and stres s are deeply investigated. According to Quirk R. and Greenbaun S. (1973450), stress is the prominence with one part of a word or of a longer utterance is distinguished from other parts. This can be understood like this when an English word consists of more than than one syllable, one of these syllables is made to stand out more than the others.This is done by saying the syllable louder. For instance, in such words as English, teacher, and student the original syllables are stressed. Intonation is an important part that most teachers have to deal with when teaching connected speech, it refers to the way the voice goes up and down in pitch (Kelly, 2000 86) when we are speaking. It plays a vital role in helping people bring their opinions, and understanding thought of others. In short, the word pronunciation is like a big umbrella covering various sub-items as consonants, vowels, intonations, stress, etc.With such big boundaries of items, language teachers and learners have to thin k of how to master these key aspects, especially stress and intonation, to be successful in teaching and learning pronunciation. 2. 3 Teaching pronunciation 2. 3. 1 The importance of teaching/ learning pronunciation and a paradox 2. 3. 1. 1 The importance of teaching and learning pronunciation Pronunciation is as important as any other aspects of language like syntax and vocabulary. near people may argue that speech is obviously much more significant than pronunciation. However, speech cannot exist without pronunciation.Correct pronunciation, in fact, is considered to be a prerequisite to develop the speaking skill. That is why teaching pronunciation should occupy an important place in the study of any language. According to Gerald Kelly (2000), pronunciation involves far more than individual sounds including word stress, sentence stress, intonation, and word linking. All of these influence the sound of spoken English. Sound is the core of the language. When teaching a language, th e first and foremost thing teachers should do is to let learners have chances to invent themselves to the sounds of that language.That is the reason why more and more teachers pay much attention to teaching pronunciation to their students. Considering the importance of communication in general and pronunciation in particular, Gerald Kelly confirms a learner who constantly mispronounces a range of phonemes can be extremely difficult for a speaker from another language community to understand. A consideration of learners pronunciation errors and of how these can inhibit successful communication is a useful basis on which to assess why it is important to deal with pronunciation in the class (200011).Sharing the same ideas with Kelly, Martin Hewings (200410) adds difficulties with pronunciation might mean that students fail to get their message across, even when the correct words are universe used, or they might fail to understand what is said to them. The inaccurate use of suprasegm etal elements, such as tress or intonation, can also cause problems. Errors in pronunciation can lead to a problem of reception, or comprehension of the meaning or function of an utterance, even worse, they can affect the perceived olfaction or mood of an utterance.Moreover, it is obvious that good pronunciation serves as a strong motivation for language learners. Most language learners show considerable passion for pronunciation as they consider it as a good way to show that they are competent in the language. Once they have obtained adequate pronunciation competence, they gradually build up strong confidence for themselves and are ready to learn new things without hesitation. 2. 3. 1. 2 A paradox As the matter of fact, the role of pronunciation in English learning work on could not be negated.Regrettably, teaching and learning pronunciation has not collard appropriate attention as expected and Gerald Kelly call this fact a name a paradox (Kelly, 2000 1). It tends to suffer fro m being neglected. This may not be teachers lack of interest or motivation in pronunciation. The main reason comes from their teaching experience and confidence, feeling of doubt as to hoe to teach (Kelly, 200013). In spite of the fact that two teacher and students are keen on pronunciation, they often take grammar or vocabulary precedence over pronunciation for granted.If it is not neglected, it tends to be reactive to a particular problem that has arisen in the classroom rather than being strategically planned (Kelly, 200013). This is the most popular problem is pronunciation lessons. Teachers only deal with pronunciation when it comes to be problematic. There is no lesson plan, no strategy in teaching and learning pronunciation. Most teachers often prepare lesson plan for teaching grammar, vocabulary, unless pronunciation. til now pronunciation work can, and should, be planned for, too.Teachers should regard features of pronunciation as integral to language analysis and lesson planning. This paradox arises from both the nature of pronunciation itself, from the teaching staff as well as from the learners themselves. However, to deal with this problem, as language teachers, teachers engage to have a good grounding in theoretical knowledge. Furthermore, in order to teach pronunciation successfully, teachers should be practically skilled in classrooms, and they imply to have good ideas, approaches, techniques, as well as classroom activities. 2. 3. 2 Teachers roles in teaching pronunciationMastering a foreign language pronunciation is not something impossible as far as the student and the teacher recruit together in the total learning process. Thus, to succeed in a pronunciation program, the teacher plays an essential role. Kenworthy (1987), Nguyen Bang and Nguyen Ba Ngoc (2001), and Hoang Van Van, et al. (2006) divided the similar ideas to the highest degree teachers roles in the teaching and learning pronunciation process, in which, teachers are respo nsible for Helping learners to hear The teacher has a mission to bequeath appropriate in intrust of the target sounds for learners to hear.Teacher take to check that their students are hearing sounds according to the appropriate categories and help them develop new categories if necessary. Helping learners to make sounds It is true that some English sounds do not exist in the learners mother tongue. Some learners may be able to imitate the target sounds if they are provided models. However, for those who lack such an ability, it is teachers duty to explain the way those difficult sounds are made and provide aids to help learners produce correct sounds. Providing feedback assimilators need to be told where they are standing, how much they have gained and what they need to improve because some dates, students themselves can not know whether they are making mistakes or not. The teacher must provide them with feedbacks on their performance. Pointing out what is going on In many cases , learners fail to realize what and how they are speaking, as speaking is for most parts unconsciously controlled, learners may sometimes make mistakes in the way they produce a particular term of sounds, or put stress in an incorrect place, leading to misunderstanding.It is the teachers role to ascertain the area that learners have to pay attention to so as not to cause miscomprehension. Establishing priorities Native-like pronunciation is not easy to achieve. Therefore, learners need a guide to separate them active what aspects they should master, what aspects they not need to be perfect. Inevitably, when learning a foreign language, it is dealt if learners master every aspect of it. However, as this is somehow unrealistic, learners should learn to fulfil at an accepted level of those aspects which are not vital.The level at which learners can feel satisfied at depends on different situations for different individuals. forge activities It is not easy for teachers to cover al l activities in a limited time. Thus, teachers need to identify what exercises will be suitable for their learners, what activities would bring them the best effect. In devising them, however, it should be accepted that certain activities are more suitable to some students than others. Assessing progress An important role of teacher is to assess progress.Learners need to know at what level they are in pronunciation. Tests allocated at appropriate times will serve as a strong motivation for students. When they look at their marks, they have a clear sense of how much they have gained. Judging learners pronunciation performance is very complicated. However, this should be done accordingly. 2. 3. 3. Approaches, techniques and activities in teaching pronunciation 2. 3. 3. 1 Approaches in teaching pronunciation In the book Teaching pronunciation (Celce-Murcia M. , et al. 1996 2), the authors point out two general approaches to the teaching of pronunciation in the modern time, namely int uitive-imitative approach and analytic-linguistic approach. An intuitive-imitative approach depends on the learners ability to listen to and imitate the rhythms and sounds of the target language without the intervention of any explicit information. This representation the teaching of pronunciation depends largely on the teachers turning on and rewinding a cassette player (or another instrument), and the main activities in the class are listening and reciteing.In this approach, the teacher has no responsibility to explain how sounds are formed or produced and the learners do their main task of listening and imitating, and it is expected that learners will gradually gain pronunciation competence. Meanwhile, an analytic-linguistic approach utilizes information and tools such as a phonetic alphabet, articulator descriptions, charts of the vocal apparatus and other aids to supplement listening, take-off, and production (Celce-Murcia M. , et al. , 1996 2). In this approach, learners ar e given explanation as well as training on how to form particular sounds of the target language.Between these two approaches, on that point is no scale on whether which one is better. Choosing to apply which approach into teaching pronunciation depends on teachers themselves and the level of learners. To do well with these two approaches, it is a need for both teachers and learners to fulfill knowledge of articulator system such as consonants, vowels, stress, and intonation, etc. In this study, the author considers the use of both approaches to gain best effect in teaching and learning pronunciation. 2. 3. 3. 2 Techniques and activitiesPronunciation is never an end in itself, thus to receive expected result in teaching and learning pronunciation, teachers have made use of a great deal of techniques. It may be taught in isolation or in combination with language skills of speaking, listening, reading or compose. Supported by Kelly (200016) and Celce, et al (19968), some common techn iques are Drilling One of the main ways in which pronunciation is practiced in the classroom is through drilling. In its most basic form, drilling simply involves the teacher saying a word or a structure, and getting class to repeat it. Listen and imitateThe pronunciation of the target language is provided by the teacher or tape recorders, language labs, etc. students are to listen to a sequence of sounds or sentences and repeat it. Chaining This can be used for sentences which prove difficult for students to pronounce, either because they are long, or because they include difficult words and sounds The above mentioned techniques are nearly similar they usually take two forms, which are either all-class or individual. These two forms are actually the two phase of the same techniques. Normally, at first, the whole class repeats after certain sound and phrases.After a certain numerate of class-drilling, individual students take turns and pronounce those items themselves. Phonetic ch aining This technique makes use of articulator descriptions, articulator diagrams and a phonetic alphabet. Learners are provided with basic theoretical knowledge about how sounds are formed. They are also aided by the teacher to make honest-to-god sound production. Minimal pair drills These relate to words which differ from each other only one phoneme. Normally, students are allowed to listen to the tape and distinguish in the midst of the two sounds.This type of activities is particularly useful to teach sounds which causes difficulties for learners or sounds that are mismatched. Contextualized minimal pair In this technique, the teacher establishes the setting and present key vocabulary students are then trained to respond to a sentence stem with the appropriate meaningful response. When minimal pair drills seem a bit slow and too theoretical with separated sounds, the contextualization seems to be more useful because it is more practical. Tongue Twisters This technique rooted from speech correction strategies for native speakers.When other techniques look serious and sometimes put learners under pressure, tongue twisters provide a more delighting way to learn pronunciation. Sounds which are difficult to differentiate are put together to make meaningful sentences. Reading aloud/recitation Students are provided with a passage or scripts and then read aloud, focusing on stress, quantify and intonation. This activity is often done with texts such as poems, rhymes, song lyrics, etc. Recording of learners production. This technique can use audio-tape, video-tapes of rehearsed and spontaneous speeches, free conversations, and role plays.It needs the feedbacks of teachers as well as self-evaluation. Practice of vowel shifts and stress shifts related by affixation Base on rule of generative phonology, used with median(a) or advanced learners. The teachers point out the rule-based nature of vowel and stress shifts in etymologically related words to raise awarene ss sentences and short texts that contain both number of a pair may be provide as oral practice material such asPHOtograph And phoTOgraphy 2. 4 Learning pronunciation 2. 4. 1 Factors affecting learning pronunciationAccording to Joane Kenworthy (1987), there are many factors affecting learning pronunciation, including the native language, the age factor, the amount of exposure, phonetic ability, attitude and identity. The native language it is inevitable that learners native language has a great impact on their ability of pronouncing English. The foreign accent is therefore easy to identity. The age factor it is often assumed that the younger a person starts learning a foreign language, the better he is at pronouncing it and he has a greater chance of having a native-like accent.The amount of exposure people who live in the country where the target language is spoken and is surrounded by an English-speaking environment may have some advantages over some who do not. Phonetic ability researches have shown that some people naturally have a better ear for a foreign language than others. Attitude and identity results from many studies have shown that learners who have a positive attitude towards speakers of a foreign language tend to have a more native-like pronunciation. 2. 4. 2 Students roles in learning pronunciationIt is essential that in order to learn a language, motivation plays a vital role. The same thing happens to learning pronunciation. If students really care much about their pronunciation, they will become more cautious about their speaking, and gradually build up good pronunciation. In teaching and learning pronunciation, if teachers play the roles of a speech coach, students themselves need to involve in this process as much as possible in order to get good results. According to Nguyen Bang and Nguyen Ba Ngoc (2001), students need to satisfy some demands.Firstly, they need to perceive the model as exactly as they can. Secondly, they need to respon se as much as and as well as possible to the recognition, the imitation and repetition activities. Lastly, beside the help of the teachers, students should do self-correction of their pronunciation mistakes. 2. 5 Teachers and students problems in teaching and learning pronunciation Both teachers and students encounter various problems in the process of teaching and learning pronunciation. These problems do not only arise from the nature of pronunciation itself, but from various subjective and objective factors.In the light of the previous and authentic studies, some major problems that teachers and learners face in teaching and learning pronunciation are. The nature of pronunciation According to Nunan (1991), the problem of acquiring the phonology of a second or a foreign language presents a formidable challenge to any theory of second language acquisition. In teaching and learning pronunciation, the biggest problem that most of the English teachers and students complain come from nature of pronunciation. English pronunciation itself contains so many complicated factors and invisible rules.In the light of this problem, doff A. (1988) listed some common problems that learners often make when they speak English. The first is difficulties in pronouncing sounds which do not exist in the students own language. The second is the problems with similar sounds that often cause learners confusion. The third is difficulties in pronouncing consonant clusters. And the last problem mainly comes from English stress and intonation. Students seem to have a tendency to give all syllables equal stress and flat intonation. Class settingA lot of problems in teaching and learning pronunciation come from class setting such as classroom size, quality of the teaching staff, teaching and learning equipment. Firstly, a large class causes difficulty in teaching pronunciation. At high school, on average, there are over 50 students per class. With such a high student-teacher ratio, it is impossible to make sure that the teacher could carry out successful teaching techniques and activities, and the learner is not able to listen and receive what the teacher is saying. The quality of teaching staff is also a big problem.Most teachers of English are non-native speakers, and a few of them can have a native-like pronunciation. As a result, the language input that students receive every day is from non-native people. Therefore, it is impossible to require students to achieve perfect pronunciation. Teaching model According to Kelly (2000), in the past, the model of teaching English pronunciation was received pronunciation, the pronounciation of people in the southwest England. Today, there are a vast number of English American English, Australian English, etc.Thus, it is difficult for teachers to choose what model to teach. In fact, each teacher often cannot produce a perfect accent without being affected by his own language. This fact sometimes causes both teachers and stu dents problems in teaching and learning pronunciation. Some teachers do not feel confident with their own voice and students do not know what input language is perfect to receive. Intelligibility Beside factors from the nature of pronunciation, class setting, etc, teaching and learning pronunciation involves in its own problem that Kenworthy (1987) calls it as intelligibility.He defines intelligibility as being understood by a listener at a given time in a given situation. This means that intelligibility is affected by a number of factors the speaker, the listener, the time, and the situation. This also means that teaching and learning pronunciation depends on many factors, causing many problems for both teachers and students. In conclusion, in this chapter, some theoretical backgrounds relating to teaching and learning pronunciation have been pointed out. These factors are the pronunciation concepts and their features.Factors relating to pronunciation teaching and learning as the i mportance, the problems, techniques and activities have been also given. It cannot be denied that pronunciation and teaching pronunciation is an important part to conduct in any language course. It is even more important for those who are or will be teachers of the language. Methods of teaching pronunciation are various with different elements of pronunciation. What are the attitudes of teachers and learners towards teaching and learning pronunciation?The school has 36 classes with 90 teachers and 1,800 students. Each year, the school enrolls more than 600 new comers. 3. 1. 2 Description of the course At school, all students when pass the entrance exam to the school have to study English as one of the compulsory subjects. During the process of learning English at school, students use three English textbooks (English 10, English 11, English 12) focusing on four skills including reading, speaking, listening, writing and language focus part. The language focus comprises two major parts pronunciation and grammar.Normally, students start learning pronunciation when they study English 10. However, at grade 10th, students only learn some vowels and simple consonants. At grade 11th, students relate to study complex consonants. And at grade 12th, students start to be familiar with stress and intonation exercises. That is the reason why stress and intonation are two major aspects of pronunciation chosen in this investigation. 3. 2 Subjects The subjects of this study comprised 10 teachers and 55 12th-form students at QCHS.All English teachers were invited to participate in this study. They are from 27 to 60 years old, and have taught English for more than 2 years. They graduated from both regular and in-service training. With those teachers who have taught English for many years, they have teaching experience, but were not well trained. They mainly graduated from colleges, even in-service training. With younger teachers, they graduated from many different universities s tate and non-state universities. They are full of motivation, but lack of teaching experience.In general, these teachers are good at teaching grammar and do not feel confident to deal with speaking, listening, and pronunciation lessons. Thus, they often focus their lesson on grammar but the speaking and pronunciation. The class that the author chose to study consists of fifty-five 12th-form students. These students have had at least 6 years of academic English experience by the time they reach this course. However, their English proficiency is not good, especially at pronunciation. They may be good at grammar and can do these grammar exercises quickly, but can not speak fluently.Most of them do not feel confident to speak in class and express their ideas in English. These students have studied at high school for more than two years. Therefore, they have been getting similar with the teaching and studying methods, the conditions and the teaching environment, so it easy for the author to get their consent to participate in the research. 3. 3 Research methods As mentioned previously, the researcher chose a mixed-method approach to information collection, utilizing triangulation to measure a broad variety of variables in the research.Necessary data was gathered directly from the teachers and students participating in the research in several ways Questionnaires In order to collect reliable and comprehensive data, two questionnaires were knowing one for teachers and one for students. They are both open-ended and close-ended questions. Teacher questionnaire (Appendix 1) one survey questionnaire with 8 questions was designed for the teachers to get their ideas of pronunciation teaching and learning reality, problems confront by their students and some recommendations to improve learning pronunciation reality at school.To get this aim, the questionnaire is categorized into the following groups Teachers attitude towards present situation of teaching and learning pronu nciation at QCHS Approaches, techniques and classroom activities used by teachers in teaching pronunciation Problems faced by teachers in teaching pronunciation and Teachers recommendations of techniques to improve students pronunciation. Student questionnaire Appendix 2) another survey questionnaire with 8 questions was designed for students including the following categories Students attitude towards learning pronunciation, especially stress and intonation Students problems in learning pronunciation and Students expectations in learning pronunciation. In-depth classroom observations Six informal classroom observations during regular classroom sessions were used as an additional data source.The observations were carried out for two weeks during the course of the study to get more practical information about teachers and students attitudes towards teaching and learning pronunciation, and difficulties as well as techniques used in pronunciation lessons. During the process of observa tions, the author focused on some aspects taking in class as Teaching and learning materials used in class Students activities and their mistakes in producing pronunciation and Teachers approaches and techniques used in teaching pronunciation.Interviews and intelligences (Appendix 3) after collecting data from the survey questionnaires and classroom observations, the author used the post interview in order to get the in-depth discussion about techniques used to improve students pronunciation. Because it is too difficult for the researcher to conduct long interviews with all teachers, the researcher randomly selected 5/10 teachers for interviews. They were willing to express deeply their opinions, and ideas about teaching techniques. 3. 2. Data collection procedures The study was conducted in the first term of the school year 2010-2011 (from September 2010 to December, 2010). At the beginning of the first term, two sets of questionnaires were given to the teachers and the students who agreed to participate in the research. After two days, these questionnaires were placid. The information from these questionnaires were then summarized and presented in the form of statistics. For the following two weeks, the author carried out some classroom observations.The observations during six English lessons including one in reading, one in writing, one in listening, one in speaking and two in language focus periods. At each session, the researcher took field notes on what happened when the students learned pronunciation. Finally, when the information from the survey questionnaires and classroom observations were collected and analyzed, structured interviews were carried out. The data collected from three different resources were read through to obtain a sense of the overall data. They were then analyzed both descriptively and interpretatively.The initial sorting-out process was writing findings in the form of reflective notes and summaries of field notes. The informati on was then displayed in forms of tables and figures while qualitative data from the open-ended questionnaire items, classroom observations and interviews were presented by quoting relevant responses from the respondents. CHAPTER quaternion PRESENTATION OF THE DATA This part, the information from collected data was presented in accordance with the category of data collection instruments. 4. 1 Survey questionnaires 4. 1. Teachers and students attitudes towards teaching and learning pronunciation Assuming that the consideration of the teachers and students attitude towards teaching and learning pronunciation would be beneficial to the research, at the outset, these factors were surveyed. The results, shown in below, reflect that grammar is the most concerning aspect in learning English at high school. Surprisingly, only 10% of the teachers think that pronunciation is the most necessary for their students. They always pay much attention and time and efficacy on grammar.In contrast, teaching and learning pronunciation as well as developing listening, speaking or reading skills do not receive ample attention to. 4. 1. 2 Students pronunciation level From the chart 2, we can see an optimistic reality of students level in learning pronunciation at Quynh Coi high school. Being asked about this, all the teachers said that students level is not equal, however it is not good as expected. 60% teachers said that their students level at pronunciation is at average and even 30% of the students get under average level. None of the teachers evaluate their students level at pronunciation is good or excellent. . 1. 3 Pronunciation teaching and learning time Chart 3 presents time that teachers and students evanesce on teaching and learning pronunciation. One more time teachers and students share the same ideas about the fact that too little time is on pronunciation. 80% of the teachers and 43% of the students said that they did not have time to spend on teaching and learning pronunciation in one teaching session (45 minutes) 20% of the teachers and 32% of the students spend less than 20 minutes on teaching pronunciation. None of the teachers and a very small number of the students teach and learn pronunciation for more than 20 minutes.The overall results indicate that the reality of teaching and learning pronunciation at Quynh Coi high school is not positive as expected. Although both teachers and students are very optimistic towards teaching and learning pronunciation, students level is not good as well as time spent on teaching pronunciation is limited during one normal teaching session. 4. 1. 4 Teachers and students problems in teaching and learning pronunciation Chart 4 shows that both the teachers and the students face many problems during the process of teaching and learning pronunciation.The biggest problem that both teachers and students face comes from the nature of pronunciation. The next two factors preventing students from gaining good pronu nciation are teaching time and students competence. 27% of the teachers and 22% of the students said that they do not have enough time on pronunciation. 20% of the teachers considered that their students competence in pronunciation is too low. 22% students also agreed with that idea. Class setting is the next factor that 20% teachers chose. It is clear that quality of teaching staff is not good enough to come over all the difficulties in teaching pronunciation.In contrast, only 1% of the students agreed with this. The smallest factor that both teachers and students think that causing problem in teaching and learning pronunciation is students motivation. 4. 1. 5 Teachers and students problems in teaching and learning intonation and stress From the chart above, most of the teachers (50%) and students (43%) think that stress is the most difficulty in teaching and learning pronunciation. the second is intonation 30% of the teachers and 14% of the students think that intonation causes tr ouble.Meanwhile, none of the teachers meet any difficulties in teaching consonants and vowels. Particularly, chart 6 shows that 43% of the students cannot know the place of stress in a word 20% said they cannot pronounce stress though they may be know place of stress in those words. Surprisingly, 27% of the students said that they do not know anything of stress. From the above chart, we can see that the reality of learning intonation is even worse than learning stress. 56% of all surveyed students understand nothing about intonation, causing a lot of difficulties in teaching and learning pronunciation.